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Mao Kun map
Mao Kun map, generally referred to by Chinese people as Zheng He's Navigation Map (), is a set of navigation charts published in the Ming dynasty military treatise ''Wubei Zhi''. The book was compiled by by Mao Yuanyi in 1621 and published in 1628; the name of the map refers to his grandfather Mao Kun () from whose library the map is likely to have originated. The map is often regarded as a surviving document from the expeditions of Zheng He in addition to accounts written by Zheng's officers, such as ''Yingyai Shenglan'' by Ma Huan, ''Xingcha Shenglan'' by Fei Xin, and ''Xiyang Fanguo Zhi'' by Gong Zhen. It is the earliest Chinese map to give an adequate representation of Southern Asia, Persia, Arabia and East Africa.〔
==Origin==
The map is thought by sinologist J.J.L. Duyvendak to have been part of the library of Mao Kun, a collector of military and naval material, who might have acquired it while he was the governor of Fujian. The map was included in ''Wubei Zhi'' edited by his grandson Mao Yuanyi, and therefore had been referred to in the past as the "Wubei Zhi chart".〔 In order to distinguish it from other maps in ''Wubei Zhi'', the map was named after Mao Kun by Western scholars such as J. V. G. Mills who studied the map, and therefore came to be known as Mao Kun map in Western sources.
The preface to the map in ''Wubei Zhi'' indicates that the geographical and navigational details of the charts are based on works from the expeditions of Zheng He, and that Mao had "inserted them for the information of posterity and as a memento of (He's ) military achievement".〔Original text: 當是時，臣為內豎鄭和，亦不辱命. 焉，其圖列道里國土，詳而不誣，載以昭來世，志武功也。〕 The map is therefore generally considered to be based on maps dating to the time of Zheng He's voyages, and accordingly named as Zheng He's Navigation Map in modern Chinese sources.
According to Mills, the map may not have been the work of a single person, rather it was produced in an office with information added and corrected when new information became available after each voyage. He suggested that this map may have been prepared for the 6th expedition in 1421, with some content added during the course of the expedition, and that the map may therefore be dated to around 1422. Others proposed a date sometime between 1423 to 1430.〔 It has also been suggested by J.J.L. Duyvendak and Paul Pelliot that the map may have been partly based on Arab nautical charts.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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